Today in the Mission Yearbook - Reading Luke backwards and confronting the ‘bounds of empire’

During Stewardship Kaleidoscope, the Rev. Dr. Eric Barreto suggests paying extra attention to Luke’s crucifixion narrative

November 18, 2024

Eric Barreto speaks at Stewardship Kaleidoscope in Portland, 

Oregon, on Sept. 24. He serves as the Frederick and Margaret 

L. Weyerhaeuser Associate Professor of New Testament at 

Princeton Theological Seminary. Photo credit: Gregg Brekke

The Gospel writer Luke set out to provide an “orderly account” of the life of Jesus. Yet reading the story backwards yields insights we can appreciate even more today, said the Rev. Dr. Eric Barreto in the second plenary address at the recent Stewardship Kaleidoscope. The annual conference was presented by the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

Barreto is the Frederick and Margaret L. Weyerhaeuser Associate Professor of New Testament at Princeton Theological Seminary.

Barreto encouraged listeners to pay attention to Luke’s crucifixion narrative. Look at what it says about what it means to live within (and resist) the bounds of empire. Also notice how community is key, not secondary to the good news of Jesus Christ.

Here are a few highlights:

The meaning of the cross

The crosses we see at churches or wear around our necks meant anything but hope in Jesus’ time, Barreto said. A cross was a threat of humiliation and excruciating death at the hands of a violent empire.

“The cross is the strangest of good news: the defeat of death with death, eternal life purchased with the death of God’s son, forgiveness shared in a place utterly devoid of mercy,” Barreto said.

No one story can capture its full meaning. Luke wrote for an audience who’d heard the story before, but something compelled him to bring it to life in a new way.

A tale of trauma and grief

The power of the state to seize and destroy weighs heavily in Luke’s account of the crucifixion, Barreto said.

Two individuals were crucified along with Jesus. One taunted him. The other said Jesus was innocent, and the two criminals had been condemned justly.

Jesus told both: “Today you will be with me in paradise” — not just someday, but today.

That was “an audacious promise,” Barreto said.

Others present at the crucifixion agreed Jesus was innocent; he was not the first innocent person to be crushed by an empire and would not be the last. Some were there for the spectacle of a public execution. Some went home beating their breasts in agony.

“The cross shows us the depth of our own inhumanity,” Barreto said. “We have trusted empire’s violence all too much.”

Rethinking sacrificial giving

Jesus warned of the scribes who walk around in long robes, commanding respect and grabbing the best seats and places of honor. He also said they “devour widows’ houses.”

Then he saw a widow place two coins, all she had to live on, in the treasury along with the gifts of the rich.

“So often we read this as a stewardship text exhorting sacrificial giving,” Barreto said.

On the heels of what Jesus had just said about widows’ houses being devoured, it could be read as the widow’s “house” being devoured by an empire demanding a lot of those who have little and little of those who have a lot.

The one who dared to believe

An angel visited a presumably young, poor, uneducated woman in the middle of nowhere in the empire. Mary was naturally perplexed at being called “favored one.”

“In what way is she favored in this world?” Barreto asked.

Though perplexed, Mary was unafraid even when the angel described what was being asked of her. To dare to believe what the angel was telling her was dangerous, he said. Perhaps asking “how can this be?” was not about conception but about how a world-upending prophet could come from her circumstances.

Mary’s powerful song when she visits her cousin Elizabeth is not a one-off, Barreto said.

Someone, after all, had to teach Jesus how to walk, talk, pray and believe in the God of Israel. It’s not hard to believe his mother might have sung that song to him over and over, Barreto said. You can hear Mary’s voice when Jesus speaks, but the beginning of his ministry is not the beginning of his story.

“This started when one woman believed, when one woman trusted God’s promises and said yes to God,” Barreto said.

Maybe reading Luke’s story backwards can help us trust God as we confront our bounds of empire, too.

Nancy Crowe for the Presbyterian Foundation, Special to Presbyterian News Service

Daily Readings

• Morning Psalms 57; 145
• First Reading Habakkuk 2:1-4, 9-20
• Second Reading James 2:14-26
• Gospel Reading Luke 16:19-31
• Evening Psalms 85; 47

Today’s Focus: Rev. Dr. Eric Barreto speaks at the Stewardship Kaleidoscope

Let us join in prayer for:

PC(USA) Agencies’ Staff
Andrew Yeager-Buckley, Project Manager II, Administrative Services Group, A (Corp) 
Gina Yeager-Buckley, Manager, Youth & Triennium, Theology, Formation & Evangelism, Presbyterian Mission Agency 

Let us pray

Creator God, we give thanks that you have bound us together as your children from many lands to send and receive your infinite love. Be with your churches as they continue to renew themselves for your glory. In Christ. Amen.

Today in the Mission Yearbook - Reading Bible stories from right to left

The Rev. Dr. Eric Barreto leads a Synod of the Covenant webinar on reading Luke backward

October 28, 2024

Photo by Tim Wildsmith via Unsplash

In an approach that presents any number of spoiler alert challenges, the Rev. Dr. Eric Barreto nonetheless recommends that preachers read Luke backward.

Barreto, the Frederick and Margaret L. Weyerhaeuser Associate Professor of New Testament at Princeton Theological Seminary, was the Rev. Dr. Chip Hardwick’s recent guest on the Synod of the Covenant’s monthly “Equipping Preachers” webinar. Listen to his 88-minute presentation here.

Barreto told the story of working on a Lenten series with the Rev. Dr. Dave Davis, the senior pastor at Nassau Presbyterian Church in Princeton, which Barreto attends and where he teaches adult education. Throughout that Lenten season, Davis preached on Lenten biblical passages while Barreto taught them, beginning with the cross and ending with the unusual Palm Sunday scene of baby Jesus in Mary’s arms.

Starting at the end of Luke’s gospel can be disorienting, but “sometimes disorienting us helps us see texts in a new light. I thought it was helpful to think about Mary in the Lenten season,” Barreto said. “It’s about revisiting an old story we have heard a million times before, only to be delighted and surprised there is so much to be learned.”

The cross of Jesus “is strange, good news,” Barreto said. “It is news of the defeat of death with death, as the empire takes another innocent life. It is forgiveness shared at a place devoid of mercy. The cross is perhaps the strangest of good news.”

Barreto took a brief look at Luke’s prologue to uncover four keys to the third gospel: others wrote stories like Luke did, Luke was interested in presenting an orderly account of what had gone on, Luke’s intended readers are people who “already belong in the gospel,” and he intends to tell old stories again.

The Rev. Dr. Eric Barreto

Then Barreto went straight to the crucifixion account in Luke 23. He said that Rome saw the two other men put to death alongside Jesus as terrorists, “like Jesus, seen as a threat to the order of the empire. It was a signal to the community not to mess with us,” Barreto said, for “if you do, this will be your destiny as well.”

“This is what power looks like,” Barreto said. “Grief and empire are all over the text.”

Why, Barreto wondered, does Luke quote the centurion saying, “Certainly, this man was innocent”?

“Is Jesus special? I want to say on the one hand, in the eyes of the centurion and maybe in our eyes, Jesus is not special,” Barreto said. “He’s not the first or the last innocent person killed by empire to keep order. I wonder if the centurion sees how remarkably ordinary his execution is.”

The United States had its own history of public executions, of course. “Not that long ago, white folks would go to lynchings in their Sunday best and take home souvenirs of what they’d seen. They came to see a spectacle, to be delighted,” Barreto said. “The spectacle of empire says, ‘We can use the weight of violence to keep you safe. Just don’t mess with us.’”

But members of the crowd witnessing Jesus’ execution go home beating their breasts “because they have seen something they should not have seen,” Barreto said. “The cross for Luke is just a blunt instrument of tragedy, a moment of deep trauma — cruelty and death and violence all wrapped up into one. Some say the cross is a mirror held up to us. What we are confronted with is our own love of violence, inflicted on others to keep us safe.”

Barreto said the goal of reading a biblical account backward is “to attune ourselves to these stories with the possibility we will notice something different we haven’t noticed before.”

Mike Ferguson, Editor, Presbyterian News Service

Today’s Focus: Rev. Dr. Eric Barreto leads a Synod of the Covenant webinar

Let us join in prayer for:

PC(USA) Agencies’ Staff
Becky Trinkle, Project Manager, Administration, Communications Ministry, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) 
Mel Tubb, Mission Coordinator I, Advocacy Support, Executive Director’s Office, Presbyterian Mission Agency 

Let us pray

Lord, today we give thanks for our long life and continued opportunities to serve Christ. We thank your faithful as they witness to you under difficult and trying conditions. Amen.